Helping the function of trapezius are the splenius capitis and cervicis muscles. These two muscles are commonly injured with whiplash injuries due to car accidents. Pain and spasm in these two muscles lead to tension headaches and significant neck pain.

The person with problems in these two muscles have difficulty in bending the neck backward. There will also be significant pain on bending the neck sideways and also in turning the head to the painful side. Therefore when you see a person with difficulty in turning the head and neck to the left, consider problems with the splenius capitis and cervicis muscles on the left side and the right trapezius and vice versa. Such a person will usually have to turn the whole body since they have difficulty turning the head and neck. They will often complain that they have difficulty in driving due to difficulty in neck rotation.

The splenius capitis (head) muscle arises from the last cervical vertebral spine (C7) to the third thoracic spine (T3) and from the ligament between the spines known as the ligamentum nuchae to insert into the skull bone behind the earlobe known as the mastoid process.

The splenius cervicis (neck) muscle arises from the third thoracic to the sixth thoracic spines (T3-T6) and inserts into the transverse processes of the first through the fourth cervical vertebrae (C1-C4). Both muscles received nerve supply through the middle and lower cervical nerves.

Neck pain|shoulder pain: Role of deltoid

Neck pain and shoulder pain commonly arises from irritation of the C5 and C6 nerve roots. Both roots supply the deltoid muscle.

Deltoid has three portions namely the portion at the front of the shoulder (anterior deltoid), middle of the shoulder (middle deltoid) and a portion at the back of the shoulder (posterior deltoid). It arises from the front of the outer third of the collar bone, the acromion and the spine of the shoulder blade. It attaches to deltoid tuberosity on the arm bone (humerus). It is supplied by the axillary nerve which carries the C5 and C6 spinal nerve root fibers.

The anterior deltoid brings the arm up and forward (flexion), the middle deltoid moves the arm away from the trunk (abduction) and the posterior deltoid brings the arm backward (extension).
It is a powerful muscle in lifting type activities and also works constantly when the arm is outstretched to the front as in writing, typing, driving etc..

These forward motions of the arm known as shoulder flexion is performed by the contraction of many muscles which are large and powerful such as the pectoralis major, long head of the biceps, coracobrachialis and the anterior deltoid. To stabilize the flexion movement, the muscles that bring the arm backward (shoulder extension) have to undergo lengthening contraction. Shoulder extension is performed by three major muscles, mainly the latissimus dorsi, teres major and the posterior deltoid.

Pain, spasm and weakness of the poster deltoid is thus very common especially since C5 and C6 nerve root involvement is also very common. When the deltoid does not function properly, lifting type movements are performed by shrugging the shoulder, an action of the upper trapezius comes into play by . Since trapezius is not strong enough to perform lifting activities, the trapezius muscle goes into spasm and aggravating the neck and shoulder pain.

Therefore pain in the deltoid region cannot be localized to treating only the deltoid muscle. Selective activation using eToims Twitch Relief method must include all muscles involved in lengthening contraction supplied by the C5-C7 nerve roots and the entire length of the paraspinal muscles from the neck to the base of the spine.

Do you often wake up with a stiff neck? Feel like you always have soreness across the shoulders? Notice you can't turn your head like you should be able to? Sometimes feel the tension going right up into your head, causing a headache? Or even find it often difficult to work on the computer or drive for a long period without having your neck tension increase?

Many people suffer from tightness, spasm or sore muscles in the neck. Often times if you feel the neck you can find hard nodules which are knots in the muscles or what I call trigger points. It is very common.

Usually the source of the problem actually stems from the neck spine and nerves in the neck. Why is this so? Well, to start, the nerves control our muscle function. If there is pressure on nerves in the neck your muscles are not getting proper communication, so they get imbalanced and don't work like they should. Next, a spine that is misaligned will not only contribute to possible direct pressure on a nerve by a spinal bone or bones misaligned but also it can create an uneven ness in the spine so that the muscles are not balanced. For example, if your spine is not straight u and down from the front to back and has a curvature to the side then the side the curve is toward has a constantly stretched and tense muscle. The opposite side will have a shortened muscle. Simply because of mechanics you may be able to tilt more to one side whereas the other side is limited.

Let's take another example of the forward head. From the side view our spine should have smooth flowing curves. The neck should have a C-curve of 40-60 degrees. This keeps the spinal cord relaxed and the nerves that come off it free of interference. It also allows your spine to with stand the forces of gravity at it's best. It has been shown that for each inch of forward head drift or carriage can cause 10+ more pounds of gravitational forces pressing down on you. Not to mention those muscles in the back of the neck that now have to work harder to hold the head up and in alignment.

So you can see from just two examples how misalignments can cause tension on the muscles and/or put pressure on the nerves causing pain and blocked communication of the brain and spinal cord to those muscles.

How can I get rid of this neck pain and tension?

Fix the cause - the unwanted misalignments and nerve pressure.

Get your spine treated by a Chiropractor or Osteopath. A Massage Therapist or Physical Therapist can help as well. The Chiropractor or Osteopath can adjust or manipulate the spine into it's best position. They may also use muscle stretches or trigger point release techniques as does a Massage Therapist or cervical traction, electric muscle stimulation or postural exercises that a Physical Therapist may do as well.
Be aware of your posture - remember posture is a window into your spine. If your posture reveals a forward head carriage for example then your spine has lost some of the normal curvature and is out in front of your center of gravity. Make sure your work station is ergonomically correct and also be aware of things that increase neck tension and stress.
Sleep with a good neck pillow. I recommend one with support for the normal cervical curvature (normal neck alignment). Arc4life offers a wonderful neck pillow called the Cervical Traction Neck Pillow. Forward head posture is the most common misalignment I see. A good cervical neck pillow or cervical traction can help correct this problem without much effort at all.

So, correct the root cause - pressure on the nerves and misalignments and you will correct the muscle soreness, tension, trigger points, and muscle pain.